汉唐至宋元时期的角抵竞赛文化研究

A Cultural Study of Jue-di Competition from Han and Tang Dynasties to Song and Yuan Dynasties

国家的富强、社会的繁荣和人民的强健之需决定了汉唐至宋元时期的角抵是一个肩负政治使命与社会责任的体育竞赛形式。运用文献资料法,以"文化三阶层"理论把握、论证角抵的竞赛文化内涵与意义,认为:从物质层面看,角抵因君之所好形成了从国家精英到地方民众的人员构成和以击打、扑摔、扼锁为显性样态的核心技术体系;继之在制度层面,以围绕君之所乐的定制化场地、个性化装扮、人性化配对、客观化执裁等竞赛规则,以及顶层官方专业化的管与地方职业化的放相结合的并重组织形式而展开;最终在核心层面,则传达了君之所求的"角抵强-社会稳-国运兴"的励精图治的战略理念与"勇武-张弛有度-荣辱与共"的天下兴亡的精神认同。由表及里,展现的是特定历史文化背景下的特定产物,值得洞悉与梳理。

The prosperity of the country and society and the strong demand of the people determined Jue-di a sporting competition with political missions and social responsibilities from the Han and Tang Dynasties to the Song and Yuan Dynasties.Using the method of literature and the theory of"three levels of culture"to grasp and demonstrate the cultural connotation and significance of the Jue-di competition.The study holds that,from the material level,because of"emperors’preferences",Jue-di formed the composition of the people from the national elites to the local people and the core technical system with striking,throwing and locking as the dominant forms;then,at the system level,the competition rules such as customized venues,personalized dress-ups,humanized matching,objective execution,and the combination of official professional management at the top level and local professionalization were organized;finally,at the core level,it conveyed the strategic idea of"fighting for strength,social stability and national prosperity"sought by the emperors and the spiritual identity of"courage,relaxation and sharing weal and woe."From the exterior to the interior,it constituted a specific product under the specific historical and cultural setting,which is worth understanding and exploration.