体育领域瑕疵仲裁协议审查原则之探讨——以瑞士联邦最高法院的实践为视角

Research on Principles of Judicial Review towards Arbitration Clause of Ordinary Arbitration in International Sports Arbitration —— Focus on the Practices of Swiss Federal Tribunal

国际体育仲裁中,普通仲裁管辖权来源于当事人间平等协商自愿达成的仲裁协议。瑞士联邦最高法院针对仲裁协议是否合法有效的审查,适用较为宽松的标准。从协议的形式来看,法院接受推定的默示协议,从协议的实质来看,对于内容不明晰、不完整,甚至相互矛盾的仲裁协议,法院并不当然地判断其无效,而是根据具体案件适当地加以解释或补充。具体而言,就体育仲裁协议是否存在,以及如何解释仲裁协议这两个问题上,瑞士联邦最高法院采用了不同的标准。针对有瑕疵的仲裁条款,只要其有排除法院司法管辖、提交仲裁裁决的意思表示,法院就会认定其效力;但是,对有效仲裁协议的拘束力方面,法院会进行严格和审慎的审查。

Jurisdiction of ordinary arbitration comes from the lawful arbitration agreements reached between the parties on the basis of equality and negotiation in international sports arbitration.The Swiss Federal Tribunal applies a more lenient approach to review the legality and validity of arbitration agreements.From the aspect of the form of arbitration agreements,the Swiss Federal Tribunal accepts the presumptive implied agreement,and in terms of the substance of the agreement,the Swiss Federal Tribunal does not naturally judge an arbitration agreement with unclear,incomplete or even contradictory content as invalid,but appropriately interprets or supplements it in light of a specific case.Specifically,the Swiss Federal Tribunal adopts different standards with regard to the existence of an arbitration agreement on sports and how to interpret it.In the case of a flawed arbitration clause,as long as it has an expression of intent to exclude the jurisdiction of the tribunal and submit the arbitration award,the Swiss Federal Tribunal will determine its validity;however,the Swiss Federal Tribunal will strictly and prudently examine the binding effect of a valid arbitration agreement.