新中国70年基础教育体育课程改革嬗变与展望

The Evolution and Prospect of China’s PE Curriculum Reform in Basic Education since 1949

回顾我国70年基础教育体育课程已历经8次改革,体育课程改革也日益成为学校体育发展的核心要素。站在新时代的转折点,回顾历史,审思现在,绸缪未来,才能为今后体育课程改革提供更为理性的思考和参照。通过历史研究,对新中国体育课程的重建与移植、初步本土化、停滞与重创、整顿与恢复、深化与突破、多元化与人文化、顶层设计与全面深化等7个发展阶段进行了历史梳理,认为其发展脉络呈现了课程价值从工具理性趋向价值理性兼顾工具理性、话语体系从"教学"转向"课程"、课程结构从单一趋向多元、课程内容从统一性指令型趋向灵活性创生型、课程评价从缺位趋向体系化的演变逻辑,未来体育课程改革应着力于回应新时代的人才培养需求,探索体育学科核心素养的实现路径;呼应顶层设计的有效落实,提升校长和体育教师的课程权利共享;推进体育课程实施,促进体育课程与体育教学的紧密结合;立足本土文化,汲取国际化经验。

It is an occasion of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC.Looking back on the 70 years’development,the physical education curriculum of basic education in China has gone through eight reforms,and the reform of physical education curriculum has increasingly become the core element of the development of school physical education.At the turning point of the new era,only by reviewing history,examining the present and preparing for the future can we provide more rational thinking and reference for the reform of the future sports curriculum.Through the historical study,this paper reviews the history of such seven stages of development as the reconstruction and transplantation of physical education curriculum in New China,initial localization,stagnation and heavy blows,rectification and recovery,deepening and breakthrough,diversification and human culture,toplevel design and overall deepening.This paper holds that the development of physical education curriculum reform presents the evolving logic of curriculum value from instrumental rationality to instrumental rationality and value rationality,discourse system from"teaching"to"curriculum",the curriculum structure from single to multiple,the curriculum content from unified instruction to flexible creation,and the curriculum evaluation from vacancy to systematization.In the future,the reform should focus on responding to the needs of personnel training in the information age,exploring the ways to realize the subject key competence of physical education,responding to the effective implementation of top-level design,promoting the sharing of curriculum rights between principals and physical education teachers,promoting the implementation of physical education curriculum,promoting the close integration of physical education curriculum and physical education teaching,and drawing on international experience based on the local culture.