国家篮球队领队和主教练权力变迁及其合作特征研究

Power Change and Cooperation Characteristics of Team Leader and Chief Coach of China’s National Basketball Team

为了探究近年来国家篮球队教练员和领队间的合作机制,避免国家篮球队管理中出现的不和谐现象。通过文献资料法、历史分析法和访谈法对国家队领队和主教练合作进行深入分析,从历史演进过程中国家队管理制度和模式等的变迁发现问题产生的原因,为解决问题提供理论参考。通过研究发现:从新中国成立到现在,国家篮球队经历了领队和教练共同负责制;领队负责制;主教练负责制和队委会领导下的主教练负责制的模式。不同的时期内,由于社会时代背景、领导机构的变化以及思想认识的发展,领队和主教练在不同管理模式下的职能和作用不同。尤其是在确立市场经济发展以后,篮球职业化发展和篮球运动管理中心的成立使国家篮球队利益主体发生变化和分化,在商业化和产业化的作用下国家队内部管理更加复杂,在"中心+协会"管理体制下,领队作用加强,给实行聘用制的主教练带来新的挑战,随着中国篮球协会的实体化改革的推进,协会将围绕国家队选拔、组建、集训、管理、参赛等中心任务展开工作,主教练和领队的将发挥各自职能和作用,加强协调工作,突出团队核心对合作至关重要。

In order to explore the cooperative mechanism between team leader and chief coach of China’s national basketball team in recent years and to avoid the disharmony in the management,this paper,focusing on the development of the management system and mode of China’s national basketball team,finds out the causes of power change of team leader and chief coach and provides some theoretical references by using the method of documentary and historical analysis.It is found that since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the internal management system of China’s national basketball team has been successively changing from the team leader and the head coach co-responsible system,team leader responsible system,chief coach responsible system to the system of divided responsibility under the leadership of the team committee.At different times,owing to the social background,the change of the leading organization and the development of ideological understanding,functions of the team leader and the chief coach are different under various management modes.After the establishment of market economy,China’s basketball professional development and the founding of Chinese Basketball Management Centre lead to the change and division of the interest body of China’s national basketball team.The internal management of China’s national basketball team becomes increasingly complicated under the impact of commercialization and industrialization.Under the management system of"center+association",the team leader’s role will be strengthened,which will bring new challenges to the chief coach who implements the employment system.With the substantial reform of China Basketball Association,the association will focus on the selection,establishment,training,management,competition and other central tasks of the national team,and the chief coach and team leader will play their respective functions and roles;it is important for cooperation to strengthen coordination and highlight the core of the team.