社会主要矛盾转化下的社会保障制度发展——理论深化与制度优化

The Development of Social Security System under the Transformation of Social Main Contradiction:Theoretical Deepening and System Optimization

党的十九大翻开了我国进入中国特色社会主义新时代的新篇章,提出了极具历史适应性、时间张力与全局性的社会主要矛盾发生转化的新表述。不同于西方福利国家,在社会主要矛盾转化的大背景下,我国社会保障制度发展的问题不是制度本身的问题,而是关于制度建设如何适应时代转型的问题。在社会运行模式网络化、社会风险多元化、社会权利分散化、社会身份层次化和社会福利高端化之下,我国应当始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路,充分发挥社会主义制度的优越性,扎根中国大地,探索出凝聚中国智慧的社会保障发展之路。基于对社会主要矛盾转化的深刻理解,社会保障制度理论应在坚守国家责任的基础上更加强调社会合作,在尊重权利本位基础上强调社会赋能,在社会救助的基础上突出风险防控,保障对象由被视为负担向被作为待开发的资源转变,在关注社会保障基础功能的同时更加强调经济社会发展。社会主要矛盾转化之下的社会保障制度的优化方向应聚焦于以需求为导向、以风险防控为主线、以普惠为目标,同时,应致力于增加社会服务、突出精神文化需求的满足,推动制度精准化设计与实施。

The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has opened a new chapter for China to enter a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and has put forward a new expression of the transformation of major social contradiction with great historical adaptability,time tension and overall importance.Different from western welfare countries,under the background of the transformation of main social contradiction,the development of China’s social security system is not about the issue of the system itself,but the issue of how the system construction adapts to the transformation of the times.With the networking of social operation mode,the diversification of social risks,the decentralization of social rights,the stratification of social identity and the high-end of social welfare,China should always adhere to the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics,give full play to the advantages of the socialist system,take root at the basic level,and explore the road of social security development that condenses Chinese wisdom.Based on the deep understanding of the transformation of main social contradiction,the theory of social security system should pay more attention to social cooperation on the basis of state responsibility,stress social empowerment on the basis of respecting rights,underline risk prevention and control on the basis of social assistance,and promote the transformation of the security object from being regarded as a burden to a resource to be developed.It is supposed to show concern for the basic function of social security and also emphasize economic and social development more.The optimization direction of the social security system under the transformation of main social contradiction should be demand-oriented,risk-based and aimed at common benefit.At the same time,it ought to be committed to increasing social services,highlighting the spiritual and cultural needs,and carrying out the precise design and implementation of the system.