《诗·商颂·那》礼制与郑玄更礼

Ritual Systems of Na of Hymns of Shang in Book of Odes and Ritual Transformation by ZHENG Xuan

《那》诗乃三代礼制重叠:既为《商颂》,自然为殷礼;周太师重加编次,以及毛传之阐释,乃以周礼改造殷礼;郑玄则不仅将周礼之改造贯彻得更为彻底,更进而以本朝的秦汉之制再次改造《商颂》之周礼阐释。毛传以《那》为汤祀先祖,于是合血脉与功业为一。郑笺以《那》为太甲祀汤,则是取秦汉极庙之制改释,崇功业而废血脉,将"更礼以教"作为原则贯彻到底,于是秦汉制度便成为先圣所行、孔子所传的神圣制度。

The poetry Na was the overlapping of ritual systems during three dynasties.As one of Hymns of Shang,it certainly belonged to Yin rites.The re-compilation of Zhou Taishi and the interpretation of Mao Zhuan were the transformation of Yin rites by Zhou rites.ZHENG Xuan not only carried out the transition by Zhou rites more thoroughly,but also reformed the elucidation of Zhou rites in Hymns of Shang with Qin and Han system once again.Mao Zhuan considered Na as a sacrifice to ancestors by Tang,thus combining bloodline and exploits.In contrast,Zheng Jian took Na as the sacrifice to Tang by Taijia,which was a revision through the system of the most noble temple in Qin and Han Dynasties.Therefore,he worshiped exploits while abandoning bloodline,and sticked firmly to the principle of"transforming rites to civilize".As a result,Qin and Han system became the sacred system initiated by former saints and spread by Confucius.