文化遗产廊道中的风景林营造策略探索——以大同市古长城文化遗产廊道风景林专项规划为例

Exploring the strategy of scenic forest construction in cultural heritage corridor:taking a scenic forest special plan of the ancient Great Wall cultural heritage corridor in Datong,northern China as an example

【目的】生态廊道是文化遗产廊道中的重要组成部分,而植被修复又是生态廊道构建的核心工作。在文化遗产廊道中进行植被修复,既要满足生态修复的要求,又要满足传承历史风貌、呈现特色景观等更高的需求。风景林是在生态稳定前提下,具有观赏、游憩及旅游功能的人工或自然群落,具有较高的生态、美学、游览价值,能够实现文化遗产廊道中自然生态与文化景观的平衡发展。因此,文化遗产廊道中的风景林营造策略与方法的研究十分重要且迫切。【方法】本研究以"大同市古长城文化遗产廊道风景林专项规划"为例,探索遗产廊道中的风景林营造策略。具体方法:(1)依据法律法规确定遗产保护的缓冲区,在缓冲区范围外,通过数字信息的收集和分析,科学甄选造林范围,再依据具体立地条件划分为造林细班;(2)依据廊道具体情况制定植被景观风貌控制和造林强度控制;(3)以当地原生植物群落为蓝本,进行品种选择、植被群落构建和建植方式设计。【结果】本研究利用GIS技术建立了研究区基础数据平台,通过林地适宜性评价、视域分析等方法实现了宜林地范围选取及细班划分,同时结合传统造林与风景园林植物规划设计在空间规划与植物造景方面的方法,依据研究区林木生长立地条件,从植被景观风貌控制、造林强度控制、树种选择、群落构建及细班方案设计五方面打造了符合生态规律与景观美学的大同古长城文化遗产廊道风景林,使研究区整体形成近自然、地域性、生态性、多样性的植被风貌,同时各分区凸显地域品种和群落的差异。【结论】该研究指导了大同市古长城沿线长度约250 km、面域近186 km2的文化遗产廊道风景林营造,充分证明了上述风景林营造策略在遗产廊道中的有效性。

[Objective] Ecological corridor is an important component of cultural heritage corridor, and vegetation restoration is the core of ecological corridor construction. Vegetation restoration in cultural heritage corridors should not only meet the requirements of ecological restoration, but also meet higher demands, e.g., inheriting historical features and presenting characteristic landscapes. Scenic forest is an artificial or natural community with ornamental, recreational and tourism function under the premise of ecological stability, which has high ecological, aesthetic and tourism value, and can realize the balanced development of natural ecological and cultural landscape in the cultural heritage corridor. Therefore, the study of scenic forest construction strategies in cultural heritage corridors is very important and urgent.[Method] This study took the "Special Planning of Scenic Forest in the Ancient Great Wall Cultural Heritage Corridor of Datong City" as an example, and explored the strategy of constructing scenic forest in the heritage corridor. The specific methods were as follows: first, according to laws and regulations, the buffer zones of heritage protection were decided. Outside the buffer zone, after collecting and analyzing the digital information, the scopes of afforestation were determined. Then the afforestation classes were resolved according to the specific conditions of the land. Next, according to the specific situation of the corridor, the vegetation landscape control and afforestation intensity control were formulated. Finally, the selection of varieties, vegetation community construction and planting method design were determined based on the local native plant community. [Result] This research breaks through the traditional afforestation method and guides the construction of cultural heritage corridors along the length of the ancient Great Wall in Datong City with a length of about 250 km and a surface area of nearly 186 km2. [Conclusion] The successful implementation of this case fully proves the effectiveness of the above-mentioned scenic forest construction strategy in the heritage corridor.