淅川和尚岭墓地年代新论

New Examination on the Date of the Heshangling Cemetery in Xichuan City

在河南淅川下寺^([1])、和尚岭和徐家岭^([2])三地发现的楚墓,因发现有多座高等级的青铜礼器墓以及丰富的有铭青铜器,引起学术界极大的关注,通常称之为“淅川楚墓”;同时由于三个墓地均出土了与“薳氏”家族成员相关的有铭铜器,因此淅川墓地又被称为“薳氏”墓群。研究者或对青铜器铭文进行解读并讨论墓主人身份^([3]),或在确认墓主人身份的基础上讨论墓地的埋葬制度^([4]),或对出土的某类器物,如编钟、编镈进行专门的论述^([5]),或通过对有铭青铜器年代的辨识讨论青铜器的传世^([6])等。上述各项研究,均是建立在已有的淅川楚墓年代框架之上。有关各墓的年代,自发掘报告陆续出版后,多位学者都发表了自己的见解,基本共识为三处墓地的年代始于春秋中期,一直延续到战国中期,其中下寺墓地年代最早,和尚岭墓地居中,徐家岭墓地最晚,即和尚岭墓地的年代是连接下寺和徐家岭两个墓地的中间节点,不过对于和尚岭墓地两座墓葬的具体年代却有不同的看法(详见下文)。由于和尚岭墓地两座墓葬的年代对于建立淅川楚墓的年代框架,研究淅川楚墓三个墓地的关系与性质,以及由此所反映的埋葬制度等问题都非常重要,因此本文拟通过与此前不同的切入点对和尚岭墓地两座墓葬的年代再做检讨,在此基础上,尝试解读下寺、和尚岭和徐家岭三个墓地之间的关系。

This article compares the shapes and structures of bronze Bo bells of the Eastern Zhou Period which was discovered in Jianghuai Region and Han River basin,combining the records of the year,month and day of Chinese sexagenary cycle chronology on the“Weizi Shou”Bo bell excavated in Xichuan Heshangling M2 simultaneously.Consequently it announces that the age of M2 in Heshangling is the late stage of the early Warring States period,as which the age of M9 in Xujialing is the same.Moreover the age of Ml in Heshangling is the same as that of M3 in Xujialing,which is the early stage of the early Warring States period.The Heshangling cemetery is closely related to the Xiasi cemetery,and the former is a direct continuation of the latter.Although the Xujialing cemetery has a close relationship with the Xiasi-Heshangling cemetery,it should be a new cemetery developed the same time as the Heshangling cemetery.