高句丽鎏金花形饰研究

Study on Gilded Flower-shaped Decorations of Koguryo

在考古出土的高句丽遗物中,有一种鎏金花形饰,报告中多称为“花饰”“花形饰”“梅花棺饰物”等。五盔坟M5曾被称为“四叶冢”,即是因为出土该种花形饰残片而得名,根据形制特点,笔者将其统称为“鎏金花形饰”。根据文献记载,高句丽有厚葬之风,“金银财币,尽于送死”^([1]),高句丽墓葬中也出土为数不少的金银器及鎏金器,以往对于高句丽金银及鎏金器的研究一般以步摇饰、带饰、鎏金铜鞋及簪、钗等首饰为主,对鎏金花形饰的研究鲜有涉及,仅在相关的发掘报告及关于葬具葬俗的研究中略有提及。

The gilded flower-shaped decorations are mainly excavated from the tombs of the Koguryo kings and mural tombs,and the number is not large.It is divided into three categories:wooden coffin decoration,coffin ring block and buyao flower decoration.The function is to fix the fabric covered on the wooden coffin,or to be used in conjunction with the coffin ring.The gilt flower-shaped decorations could have evolved from the cap nails on Han-style wooden coffins and animal-faced door knockers.It shows that Koguryo culture influenced by the Han culture,and the wooden coffins used in Han-style tombs were popular as burial utensils.The design could be derived from Koguryo gilt bubble decorations,buyao seats,and petal-shaped gold ornaments on clothing.