人种、考古学文化与族属对应关系的反思——以汉魏时期长城地带人种构成为例

Rethinking the Corresponding Relations Between Race,Archaeological Culture and Ethic Group:Taking the Racial Composition of the Northern Frontier During the Han to Wei Periods as An Example

考古学上所指的北方长城地带,并非指历代所筑长城经过的全部地域,而是指古来中原农业居民与北方游牧人互相接触的地带。该地带空间范围西起湟水流域和河西走廊,东部远至西辽河流域^([1])。也有学者认为其应西起陇山,东到桑干河谷至燕山一带^([2]),与秦代长城的走向大体接近。进入汉代以后,这一区域的空间范围界定在各研究中略有不同,部分研究将北方长城地带所包含的区域称为“北方地区”。

The study of archaeological culture,race and ethic group are the main themes of the researches of the northern frontier during the Warring States period to Han period,while ethnicity is the most important content among them.In addition,the corresponding relations between archaeological culture,race and ethic group has been always discussed by archeologists and anthropologists.However,there is a divergence of views between some of them.With an increasingly publication of ethnic and archaeological materials,as well as the theories of ethnicity,it’s necessary to rethink the relationship between these three themes in theoretical perspective.The skeletal remain and graves during the Han to Wei dynasties can be used to discuss this question.According to my analysis,there is a corresponding relationship between ethnic characteristics and archaeological cultures under specific conditions,but it is in a fuzzy state most of the time,which needs to be interpreted from the perspective of archaeological theories and the concept of“ethnic”,as well as the various concepts put forward by anthropological researches.