红山文化聚落的空间分析

Spatial Analysis of Hongshan Cultural Settlement

20世纪初,日本人鸟居龙藏^([1])、瑞典人安特生^([2])、法国人桑志华及德日进^([3])等在辽西地区进行田野考古调查或发掘,发现一批红山文化遗存,揭开了红山文化考古发现与研究的序幕。1930年,梁思永到赤峰英金河流域和林西地区进行考古调查^([4]),是中国学者进行红山文化田野考古调查工作的开始。1954年,尹达正式提出了“红山文化”的命名^([5])。此后,红山文化遗存不断被发现,相关研究日益受到重视。

The study of settlement is of great significance to the study of Hongshan cultural settlement form,social development and social complication.On the basis of the existing research results and according to the published gis research data,this paper divides the distribution of Hongshan cultural settlements into four regions,and summarizes the regional characteristics of the distribution of Hongshan cultural settlements and its close relationship with the natural environmental factors such as landform,soil and water source.Compared with the Period of Xinglongwa culture and Zhaobaogou culture,the number of settlements in the Period of Hongshan culture increased sharply,the population scale continued to expand,the social organization form was more perfect,the social complexity was higher in the late period of Hongshan culture,and religious culture became the main driving force of social development.The above phenomena indicate that the cultural and social development of Hongshan has reached a more complex level and is stepping into the threshold of civilized society.