土遗址预防性保护的变形监测与模拟:以西安含光门遗址为例

Deformation Monitoring and Simulation of Preventive Conservation of Earthen Sites:A Case Study of Hanguang Gate Site in Xi'an

一、引言含光门是隋唐长安城皇城南城墙自西向东第一座城门,最早建于隋开皇二年(582年),含光门内东侧设有管理外交事务的鸿胪寺及鸿胪客馆,西侧为皇帝祭祀土神与谷神的太社,门外西侧邻近国际商贸集聚地——西市,含光门最直接地见证了唐王朝的抚近徕远,见证了大唐帝国与东西方诸国的交流、学习与贸易,是唐长安城的“外交之门”“礼仪之门”。明代扩建西安城墙时,含光门被包在城墙内成为清西安城墙的基址[1];西安市在1983年修复城墙时,在含光门发现了唐长安皇城城墙遗址.

Earthen sites are very precious historical and cultural heritage resources,the protection of which has been a worldwide problem.As a result of natural damage,man-made destruction and other reasons,there are different degrees of cracks and damage.Deformation is a quantitative index of the vulnerability for earthen sites.The cracks in the Hanguang Gate site are mainly unloading cracks and cracks due to construction technology.Under the principle of“not changing the original form of historic relics,”the protection of the Hanguang Gate Earthen Site gives priority to strengthening and maintaining the present state,reducing the intervention of the earthen structure.Also,throughout the systematic monitoring and daily maintenance,the potential diseases of the Hanguang Gate site could be predicted,providing important information as reference for its protection,reducing the risk of deterioration to the minimum.