出土人骨性别年龄鉴定方法的相关问题研究

Research on the Methods of Gender and Age Identifcation in Excavated Human Bones

人骨遗存在田野考古发掘的过程中多有发现,最常见于墓葬,少数房址和灰坑之中也有出土。这些人骨资料和其他人类活动遗留下来的实物资料一样,在探索古代社会的人口构成、组织分工等方面发挥着重要作用。人骨资料自身的研究价值和意义更多地体现在通过对骨骼形态的观察和测量以及对其DNA和同位素等的测试和分析来探讨古代人群的体质类型、健康状况、饮食结构和遗传关系等,这是其他实物资料研究所不能比拟的:对出土人骨进行准确的性别年龄鉴定是体质人类学研究中最基础的工作.

Many scholars have done a lot of research on identification methods of human bones.As the description of the identification methods is complicated and repeated,it needs to be selected in the actual work.Therefore,this paper compares the most commonly used identification methods as an example.Combined with practical experience,the advantages and disadvantages of various methods in practical operation are discussed,and the related identification problems are expounded.We expect to provide reference for the future work of human bone identification.