东周秦汉时期巴蜀文化铜戈组合制度初探

A Preliminary Research on the Combinations of the Bronze Ge(Dagger-Axe)of Ba-Shu Culture from East Zhou to West Han Periods

铜戈是东周秦汉时期巴蜀文化的典型铜器之一,关于巴蜀文化铜戈[1]的研究,一直是学界关注的焦点。自20世纪60年代起,冯汉骥[2]、张忠培[3]、童恩正[4]、宋治民[5]、李学勤[6]、刘瑛[7]、卢连成[8]、霍巍[9]、段渝[10]、洪梅[11]、杨勇[12]、井中伟[13]、代丽鹃[14]、赵琦茗[15]等几代学者,均对其有过不同程度的关注,也取得了一系列丰硕的研究成果。

From East Zhou to West Han periods,the bronze ge(dagger-axe)of Ba-shu Culture can be divided into 3 types consisting of 6 subtypes,that is,the bronze ge without descending edge but having a lanky blade(type Aa),the bronze ge without descending edge but having a wide and fat blade(type Ab),the bronze ge with one descending edge which does not possess a dentation(type Ba),the bronze ge with one descending edge which possesses a dentation(type Bb),the bronze ge with twin blades which are symmetrical(type Ca),the bronze ge with twin blades which are unsymmetrical(type Cb).The aristocracies of Shu State generally use only a type Ab ge or the ge’s combination of both type Ab and type Ba,which could be called the combination of only ancient style or the combination of both ancient and modern style.And the aristocracies of Ba State generally use only a type Bb ge,which could be called the combination of only modern style.Furthermore,the evolution of the combination system of the bronze ge belonging to Ba-shu Culture has gone through three phases,such as emergency stage,developing stage and transition stage.This development process is a typical case of the integration of local Ba-shu Culture into mainstream of Chinese Culture,and the turning point changes may have a lot to do with the great historical events,like the aggression from Qin State and the system of prefecture and county set by Qin State or Han Empire.