殷墟十五次发掘形成的中国考古地层学叙议(下篇)

Discussion on the Development of Archaeostratigraphy Among 15 Times of Excavations of Yin Ruins

三、提升时期这一时期殷墟发掘的有关考古地层学内容的文章主要是石璋如的《殷墟最近之重要发现附论小屯地层》及相关文章,该文报道的主要是殷墟第八、九、十三、十四和十五次发掘小屯遗址的情况。而第十、十一、十二次发掘侯家庄西北冈墓地的情况,则迟至20世纪60年代后方才开始报道。梁思永主持的侯家庄西北冈殷代王陵区发掘,就考古地层学而言,最重要的就是准确地清理和判断了大墓——王陵与相关遗迹的层位关系。本文仅举例收获最丰的第十次和第十一次发掘的M1001为例,主要有以下诸项:(1)弄清与比邻的另三座大墓之间的打破关系,即M1002北墓道→M1004南墓道→M1001西墓道;M1550西墓道→M1001南墓道(图二二)。

In the history of Chinese archaeology,the 15 times of excavations of Yin Ruins in Anyang,Henan,which was conducted by National Research Institute of History and Linguistics between 1928 and 1937,had outstanding meanings and long-lasting effects.Along with the 15 times of excavations in Yin Ruins,the study of Archaeostratigraphy had been developed from nothing and gradually grown mature.The development of Archaeostratigraphy could be divided into 3 periods:the initial stage(the1 st to 3 rd excavations),the forming stage(the 4 th to 7 th excavations)and the promotion stage(the 8 th to 15 th excavations).This article presents the excavation work of all stages,and introduces the methods and techniques,achievements and regrets during each period of the work.Readers could have cognition about the development process of Chinese Archaeostratigraphy,and also learn about the selfless spirits and professional learning of senior scholars.