多维视角下的家猪起源与驯化研究

Research on the Origin and Domestication of Domestic Pigs from a Multi-dimensional Perspective

一、引言猪属于哺乳纲、真兽亚纲、偶蹄目、猪形亚目、猪科、猪属。家猪(Sus scrofa domesticus)是由野猪(Sus scrofa)驯化而来,家猪的染色体数目2n=38,大多数野猪是36条染色体,少数野猪有37或38条染色体,但两者之间没有生殖隔离。家猪在9000年前后被驯化,目前最早的驯化地点有两个:一个地点是安纳托利亚东南部的卡耀努遗址,另一个地点是中国河南贾湖遗址。

As one of the most closely connected domestic animals with our ancestors,pigs played an important role in the production and life of the ancestors.The number of pig bones unearthed in archaeological sites is huge,and even under certain conditions,it can be used as a substitute index for investigating the economy of the ancestors,which shows its extensiveness and importance.In view of this,this article intends to sort out the research status of animal archaeology,ancient DNA,and stable isotopes,and summarize the research progress of the origin and domestication of domestic pigs in recent years.