羊角纽钟初步研究

A Preliminary Study of Sheep-horn Bells

羊角纽钟是战国秦汉时期流行于中国南方和越南北部地区的一种特色乐器,因其顶部歧出两个羊角状鋬纽而得名。目前发现的羊角纽钟数量不多,但有出土情境的钟大多出自等级较高的墓葬中。蒋廷瑜曾经讨论过羊角纽钟的年代、族属、使用方法等问题[1],开创了系统研究羊角纽钟的先河。此后,陆续有学者对羊角纽钟的名称、形制、年代、纹饰、音乐性能、功能、族属等做过探讨[2],但未见系统研究。本文拟在全面收集羊角纽钟资料的基础上,对相关问题进行综合分析。

The sheep-horn bell is a kind of musical instrument which was prevalent in southern China and northern Vietnam during the Warring States period and the Qin and Han Dynasties.The sheephorn bells found in China can be divided into two systems,which can be called Dian System and Gui System.Besides,each system can be divided into three types.The ornamentation of sheep-horn bells,which has four classifications,is related with its cultural background.The sheep-horn bells can not only assemble into chimes,but also combine with other instruments.The sheep-horn bells of Dian System first appeared in west-central Yunnan Province,then spread to northern and southeastern Yunnan,and probably reached southwestern Guizhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty.On the other hand,the sheep-horn bells of Gui System was first seen in Guigang,Guangxi Province,then spread towards the northeast,southeast and southwest.The popularity of sheep-horn bells may be a kind of cultural phenomenon in specific time and space.