苏贝希文化洞室墓研究

Study of the Cave Tombs of Subeixi Culture

洞室墓是墓葬结构中较为特殊的一种,根据墓道形制的不同,可分为竖穴洞室墓和斜坡墓道洞室墓两大类。本文所指为前者,一般由竖穴墓道和洞形墓室构成,墓室开于竖穴墓道的一端或侧壁,双墓室一般开于"对称"的两侧。由于洞室的位置与进深不一,学术界亦有称之为"土洞墓""偏室墓""侧室墓""偏洞室墓"等,其实是同一类墓葬的不同亚型罢了。根据墓室所在的位置,其平面形状可分为"凸"字形、"曰"字形和"日"字形三大类[1],双墓室或可称为"目"字形。早期铁器时代,苏贝希文化中洞室墓的来源一直是学术界关注的一个焦点,尤其是与甘青地区沙井文化和伊犁河流域索墩布拉克文化之间洞室墓关系的争论,至今仍莫衷一是。

This paper makes a systematic study of the cave tombs of Subeixi Culture and Shajing Culture and the cave tombs in the relevant areas,and holds that there is no direct relationship between Subeixi Culture and Shajing Culture.The existing data do not support the idea that the former was from the Gansu and Qinghai or the latter was from Tianshan area.The cave tombs of Subeixi Culture originated from Suodunbulake Culture in the Ili Rriver Valley and affected the Hami Region to the east,but its prevalence was the result of a combination of factors,and the Xiongnu’s westward movement may furtherly spread the factor of subexi culture cave to the west.