东周时期中国北方与贝加尔地区的文化交往

The Cultural Communication of the Northern China and the Baikal Area in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty

从青铜时代开始,贝加尔地区与蒙古高原以及中国北方在金属器方面有着密切的联系,根据这种联系可以将其划为"中国北方-蒙古高原冶金区"[1]。它们之间的青铜器中晚期,即相当于中国北方的夏家店上层文化时期,从工具武器到饰品都有着很大的相似度。在世纪之交俄罗斯学者公布了一批贝加尔湖北部的北贝加尔斯克地区出土的重要材料,科学发掘后整理出的详细描述[2],使我们准确地了解到相关墓葬的形制和随葬品数量以及放置位置。通过分析,可以看出在青铜时代晚期和铁器时代早期的上述地区存在文化交往,并且在文化交往的过程中展现出相当的复杂性。而这种联系为匈奴时期的兴起奠定了文化基础。

The Bronze Age culture around Lake Baikal has close ties with northern China.Especially in the middle and late Bronze Age,there is a great similarity from tools,weapons and accessories.This paper analyzes in detail the Baikalskaye Cemetery No.31 in the northwestern part of Lake Baikal.It conducts research from the aspects of tomb structure,burial objects,absolute age,etc.,and compares the Yuhuangmiao culture in northern China,the Maoqinggou type,etc.,which are considered to belong to"The Northern China—Mongolian Plateau Metallurgical Zone",but also has different cultural characteristics.