汉晋时期跽坐和骑兽胡人铜灯初探

A Study on the Bronze Lambs in the Shape of Kneeling and Riding Barbarian Men from Han Dynasty to Jin Dynasty

越南和我国境内汉晋时期墓葬出土一种胡人外形的青铜灯,胡人为深目、高鼻、长耳形象,大腹便便将近全身赤裸,跽坐或乘骑动物,胡人身体内部中空用于存储灯油,头顶突起一截短柱,短柱内插一根长铜管贯通身体以纳灯芯,这类铜灯胡人常常手握一根短圆管。目前该种胡人铜灯的分期及源流问题鲜见研究,故本文拟对其类型、年代、流变及相关历史背景进行讨论,最后附带对汉晋时期类似带圆管青铜器的功能问题进行探讨。

The bronze lamps in the shape of kneeling barbarian men were distributed in northern Vietnam,southwest China and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,which were dated from the middle age of Eastern Han Dynasty to the early years of Three Kingdoms Period.The bronze lamps in the shape of riding barbarian men were distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,Shandong Province,which was dated from Three Kingdoms Period to Western Jin Dynasty.The bronze lamps in the shape of kneeling barbarian men accepted the influence in shape and structure from bronze and pottery barbarian lamps in Yunnan,Guangxi and Guangdong Province,from the popular bronze"zhi卮"lamps during the Han Dynasty.Besides,the hair style of kneeling barbarian men may impact by the Buddhism icon art of Mathura in India.The bronze lamps in the shape of riding barbarian men inherited the shape and structure of the bronze lamps in the shape of kneeling barbarian men obviously,meanwhile the riding animal were influenced by local ascension belief,which displayed as riding animals and immortal appearance.The appearance and popularity of bronze lamps in the shape of kneeling barbarian men were related to the activities of barbarian from"Tian Zhu天竺"and"Shen Du身毒"in Northern Vietnam and Sichuan Province of China.According to the analysis of barbarian bronze lamps,it’s supposed that the other kind of bronze objects of animal shaped and"ding鼎"shaped with tubes should be used as lamps.