汉代带柄方身器研究

Study on the Square Vessels with Handle in Han Dynasty

在汉代器物中,有一种形制较为特殊的铜器,大体而言,器身主体为长方形,上有一近方形的柄;柄上再接一首;身、柄、首各部施有各种纹饰图案。铜制之外,见有少量铁制同类器。一般通长10~19厘米,宽4~7厘米。此类器物的著录始见于北宋王黼的《宣和博古图》,对其形制、尺寸等有过简要描述,并称之为"压胜钱"[1]。在清代,又有李佐贤的《古泉汇》[2]、冯云鹏和冯云鹓的《金石索》[3]、梁诗正等编撰的《钦定钱录》[4]也收录有这类铜器,亦沿用王氏的称谓并将其归入钱币一类,均认为是专门用于墓葬中镇墓辟邪的"压胜钱"。

This paper began with the image of square vessels with handle from the Han Dynasty,which were collected in archaeological excavations and petrology works.On the basis of typology analysis,comparing the archaeological data with the literature data,this paper divided them into five zones around the archaeological literature:Shaanxi and Gansu region,Henan and Hebei region,southwest region,Hunan and Hubei region,Jiangsu and Shandong region;and three stages:the late Western Han Dynasty,the late Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Han Dynasty,and the middle and the late Eastern Han Dynasty.Through analysis,this paper summarized the development and evolution of the square vessels with handle from the Han Dynasty,and finally explained the user identity and function of the square vessels with handle in the light of the existing research and related documents,further gave impetus to the research in the angle of image content.