秦汉帝国的南疆:考古学视角的长时段观察

The Southern Borderland of Qin-Han Empire:An Archaeological Longue-Durée Perspective

秦汉时期,中原王朝首次将岭南纳入势力范围,奠定后世的疆域版图和文化格局之基础。从统治秩序上说,岭南成为帝国南疆始自中央政府的建郡设县,但从文化尤其是物质文化的层面来看,岭南与岭北的文化交流始自史前,及至秦汉时完成关键性发展,换而言之,从考古学文化发展的角度看,岭南成为南疆是一个连续性的长期过程。因此,这个问题可尝试从"长时段"的角度进行观察。"长时段"是历史研究的基本方法之一,建立在一种结构性的整体史观之上,尤擅揭示历史中的长期连续性和短期急剧变化[1]。从考古学的角度进行"长时段"观察,旨在从文化的层面解释岭南最终如何以及因何成为秦汉的南疆。

From the perspective of development of archaeological culture,it is a continuous,long-term process for Lingnan region to form the southern borderland of Qin-Han Empire.In terms of the environment,the livelihood and the culture in Lingnan region relate to the land(hills-plains)as well as ocean.In terms of the technological development,the mode of cultural revolution in Lingnan region is a cycle of fission and static,and the crucial revolution of technology and society are both triggered by external forces.In terms of cultural interaction,from prehistoric times to Qin-Han dynasties,Lingnan region turned into the border of the civilization of Central Plains from the periphery.During this process,the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River could be regarded as the "cultural intermediary" in which the Central Plains culture controlled Lingnan region.The social stratum of Lingnan region is lower than that of Lingbei region in general.Through the longur-duree observation of the development of archaeological culture in Lingnan region from prehistoric times to Qin-Han period,we may explain how and why Lingnan region eventually became the borderland of Qin-Han Empire.