美国中小学生个人信息法律保护政策探究

Research on Legal Protection of Personal Information of K-12 Students in the United States

中小学生正在成为数字时代的活跃参与者,其个人信息因蕴含极大的商机而成为利益攫取者的目标。作为个人信息保护立法的代表,美国相关K-12学生个人信息的立法采取区分主义的保护模式,并诉诸更新立法和推行法律改革应对数字技术的挑战。美国中小学生个人信息保护的法律政策呈现出新的趋向:一是保护范围从限缩主义趋向扩张;二是重视法律义务机制的构建;三是力图在中小学生信息保护及其冲突性利益之间达成平衡。新的法律政策对破解数字技术背景下中小学生个人信息的保护困局极具现实意义。

The primary and secondary school students are becoming active participants in digital age.This vulnerable group is more likely to become the target of profit grabber because their information contains great business opportunities.As a representative legislation of the personal information protection,the United States adopts the protection mode based on the principle of differentiation and resorts to the renewal of legislation and the implementation of legal reform to cope with the challenges of information technology.Its legal policy on the protection of K-12 students’personal information presents a new development trend:the scope of protection tends to expand;the focus of protection changes from the right standard to the obligation standard and it tries to maintain the balance between the protection of K-12 student personal information and the interests of education and technology.Under the background of digital technology,US new law policies have very practical significance to solve the dilemma of K-12 students’personal information protection.