新西兰校园欺凌规治的三维构景:前提、路径与定型

A Three-dimensional Picture of Bullying Governance in New Zealand:Premise,Path and Stereotypes

校园欺凌已成为新西兰各级各类学校必须直面的棘手问题。新西兰将校园欺凌界定为欺凌者与被欺凌者之间权力失衡的重复性故意施害行为,并将其划分为身体欺凌、言语欺凌、社交欺凌、网络欺凌四种类型。为便于识别,新西兰区分了攻击、烦扰以及欺凌三种行为,确认了校园欺凌的单向性、故意性、伤害性、反复性以及失衡性五个特征。在此基础之上,新西兰采用全校参与模式、开发无欺凌框架以及绘制校园欺凌规治学校路线图三种主要方式开展校园欺凌规治工作。经过长期的实践,新西兰校园欺凌的规治呈现出常态化、法治化和规范化的价值取向。

School bullying has become a thorny problem that all kinds of schools in New Zealand have to face.In New Zealand,school bullying is defined as repeated intentional harm behavior with power imbalance between the bully and the bullied,which can be divided into four types:physical bullying,verbal bullying,social bullying and cyberbullying.To facilitate identification,New Zealand distinguishes three kinds of behaviors:fighting,hassling and bullying,and confirms five characteristics of school bullying:one-way,intentional,injurious,repetitive and unbalanced.On this basis,schools in New Zealand adopted A Whole-school approach,developed The Bullying-Free NZ School Framework and a school roadmap to prevent and respond school bullying.After long-term practice,the prevention and responding to bullying in New Zealand reflects the value orientation of normalization,legalization and standardization.