西藏人口城镇化及其生态足迹分析

Analysis of Population Urbanization and Its Ecological Footprint in Tibet

根据我国官方人口统计数据,在对西藏特殊地理条件下人口城镇化时空演化特征进行阐述的基础上,对其近期生态足迹展开科学分析。在研究中,除了统计西藏人口城镇化率与城镇就业率以外,还利用生物生产性土地面积、人均消费量等计算出2019年西藏的人均生态足迹和人均承载力,以反映现有人口城镇化趋势下的西藏生态足迹水平。结果显示:西藏的林地、草地、水域等产生生态盈余,尚能支撑西藏人口的进一步成长;同时,西藏城镇吸纳人口就业能力不足,加之耕地、能源化石用地和建筑用地等出现生态赤字,对西藏的人口城镇化进程存在一定制约。值得一提的是,西藏生态足迹已由早期的生态盈余局面部分地转向生态赤字,相关部门对此应该保持足够重视。

Based on the official population statistics in China,a scientific analysis of the recent ecological footprint of Tibet is conducted on the basis of the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics of population urbanization under the special geographical conditions of Tibet.In the study,in addition to the statistics of Tibet’s population urbanization rate and urban employment rate,the per capita ecological footprint and per capita carrying capacity of Tibet in 2019 were calculated using biologically productive land area and per capita consumption to reflect the level of Tibet’s ecological footprint under the trend of urbanization of the existing population.The results show that Tibet’s woodlands,grasslands,and waters produce ecological surpluses that can still support the further growth of Tibet’s population;at the same time,the insufficient ability of Tibet’s towns and cities to absorb the population for employment,coupled with the ecological deficits of arable land,energy fossil land,and construction land,impose certain constraints on Tibet’s population urbanization process.It is worth mentioning that Tibet’s ecological footprint has partially shifted from the early ecological surplus situation to ecological deficit,and the relevant departments should pay enough attention to this.