图式、符号与文化:纳西族传统东巴经籍封面图像研究

Patterns, Symbols and Culture:An Analysis of the Cover Images of Traditional Dongba Scriptures of the Naxi People

纳西族传统东巴经籍是古代纳西族的百科全书。总观传统东巴经籍封面图像,可分为横、竖两种置本形式,呈现出共同的图像“图式”,都是由矩形标题框(栏)与吉祥图案、绸缎飘带三元素组合形成。横置本的封面图像“图式”是由早期竖置本的“图式”发展而来,定型于中后期,因其获得了格式塔心理学意义上的“完形”,是绝大多数东巴经籍封面的典型符号。历代东巴画师们不是有意地建构这一符号目标,结果却具有潜在的符号意义。

The Naxi traditional Dongba scriptures are the encyclopedia of the ancient Naxi people.The cover images of traditional Dongba scriptures can be divided into horizontal and vertical forms,showing a common image"pattern",which is formed by the combination of rectangular title box(column),auspicious patterns and satin ribbon.The cover image"pattern"of the horizontal book was developed from the"pattern"of the early vertical book,and was finalized in the middle and late stages,as it acquired"completeness"in the sense of Gestalt psychology.It is the typical symbol of most Dongba sutra covers.It is the typical symbol of most Dongba scripture covers because it has acquired a"perfect form"in the sense of Gestalt psychology.The Dongba painters did not construct this symbolic goal intentionally,but the result has potential symbolic meaning.