网络平台间接侵权责任的法理基础与体系展开

The Legal Basis and System Construction of Indirect Tort Liability of Network Platforms

学界通常将网络平台对用户侵权内容的责任认定为间接侵权责任,但对该间接侵权责任的法理基础尚未达成共识。传统归责路径将其定位于帮助侵权责任或妨害人责任,但均会产生负面体系效应。网络平台的商业模式加剧了网络用户侵害第三方权益的风险,其应当负有危险源防控型安全保障义务,采取合理防范措施将这种危险控制在合理范围内。安全保障义务就其性质而言属于注意义务,故解释论上可以将网络平台责任重新整合至基于违反注意义务的一般过失侵权责任概念中,我国民法典第1195条第2款和第1197条均可统合在这一责任基础之上。以此为基点,网络平台与用户之间构成半叠加型同时侵权,网络平台仅就其不作为造成的损害扩大部分与用户承担连带责任。

In academic circles,the online platforms'responsibility for user-generated infringing content is commonly regarded as indirect infringement liability,whose legal basis,however,is questionable,with no consensus reached so far.It is defined in the traditional way of imputation as aiding tort liability or Störerhaftung,but both of which can produce negative systemic effects.Given the business model of the online platforms,which exacerbates the risk of users infringing on the rights and interests of third parties,it is argued that platforms should bear an obligation to prevent and control potential sources of risks.This would entail taking reasonable preventive measures to control such risks within a reasonable range.Consequently,it has been suggested that the responsibility of online platforms can be re-integrated into the concept of general negligent tort liability,based on the breach of the duty of care.In this regard,Article 1195,Paragraph 2 and Article 1197 of the Civil Code of PRC can both be utilized to establish a legal basis for the responsibility of online platforms.Under this approach,the relationship between the online platforms and the users can be viewed as a semi-overlapping simultaneous infringement,with the online platform being jointly liable with the users for the expanded portion of the damage caused by its inaction.