企业数据确权与授权机制研究

Research on the Mechanism for the Ownership and Authorization of Corporate Data Rights

面对企业数据新型法益,以责任规则为主的传统保护模式捉襟见肘,财产规则逐渐成为符合政策导向和市场发展现状的选择。洛克劳动赋权理论和马克思劳动价值理论为财产规则的建构提供了学理基础。以劳动程度为依据,可将企业数据的客体类型区分为原始数据、数据资源和数据产品,还可依据数据来源、匿名脱敏与否和数据产品形态对三者进一步细分,由此确定企业数据权利的客体框架,进而将权能差异化配置的思路应用于该框架之下,构建起完全支配绝对排他、完全支配无排他性、有限支配有限排他的分级分类确权规则。以确权规则为基础,可以根据不同的场景为企业数据的流通设计一重或二重授权原则,并由数据登记、数据经纪、数据信托、数据交易所等配套制度提供外部助力,构建出可信的流通环境。

In the face of the new legal interests in corporate data,the traditional protection model based on responsibility rules has become inadequate,and property rules are gradually emerging as a more suitable option in line with policy guidance and market development.The theoretical basis for the construction of property rules can be found in Locke's labor empowerment theory and Marx's labor value theory.Based on the degree of labor,the object types of corporate data can be classified into raw data,data resources,and data products.Further subdivisions can be made based on data sources,anonymity,and data product forms,to determine the object framework of corporate data rights.This framework can then be used to apply differentiated allocation of rights,and a hierarchical classification and ownership rule can be constructed.This rule includes complete control with absolute exclusivity,complete control without exclusivity,and limited control with limited exclusivity.Based on the ownership rules,a single or double authorization principle can be designed for the circulation of corporate data according to different scenarios.Supporting systems such as data registration,data brokerage,data trust,and data exchanges can provide external assistance to create a trustworthy circulation environment.