论数据来源者权利

On the Rights of Data Producers

数据来源者权利在我国为“数据二十条”政策所规定,在欧盟则为《数据法(提案)》所规定。这一权利确立数据来源者对于其数据的知情同意、获取、复制、转移等权利,意图实现数据公平、数据市场流通和数据的互操作性。但数据来源者权利在正当性与可行性方面均存在困境。“数据二十条”在法律化过程中,应以现有成熟法律体系为基础。当数据来源者为个人时,应首先适用个人信息保护相关制度。当数据来源者为非个人主体时,应注重数据市场秩序公平,构建数据信任共享与汇聚数据市场,打造多样性的数据互联。如果未来法律引入数据来源者权利,这一权利应被视为一种程序性、非绝对性、举报建议性权利,法律可以利用这一权利促进数据来源者与数据持有者之间、不同数据贡献者之间的沟通治理,而非将其泛化为实体性、绝对性、可诉性权利。

The issue of the rights of data producers has been addressed in China through"Twenty Articles on Data"and in EU through"Data Act(Proposal)."These rights aim to establish the data producers'rights to the informed consent,access to,copy and transfer of their data,so as to promote fair use,accessibility,circulation and interoperability of data.However,the legitimacy and feasibility of these rights are subject to certain difficulties.In the process of legalizing the"Twenty Articles on Data,"it is essential to build on the existing mature legal systems.When data producers are individuals,the personal information protection law should apply first.When the data producers are non-individual entities,attention should be paid to promoting fair data market,creating a market that share and collect data,which is trustworthy and diversified in the interconnectivity of data.If the rights of data producers are introduced into future legislation,they should be regarded as a procedural,non-absolute,and advisory rights rather than generalized as substantive,absolute,and actionable rights.The law can use these rights to promote communication and governance between data producers and data holders,as well as among different data contributors.