数据确权之辩

The Debate over Data Ownership

数据确权与否素有争议,对于数据非权利客体论、数据流通阻碍论、数据公共物品论、数据产权难以实现论、个人信息及隐私威胁论等主张进行梳理和分析,有助于澄清认识误区,达成数据确权共识,促进数据要素市场化利用。数据确权具有明显的制度优势,即可以避免“公地悲剧”、走出“丛林法则”,实现定分止争;矫正市场失灵,建立数据流通利用的有效市场;在数据领域实现“有恒产方有恒心”。数据确权更为深远的意义在于,通过数据产权的支配实现个人信息自决,保障人们在信息社会自主构建其数字化生存空间。

The issue of data ownership has long been a subject of debate and controversy.This article seeks to clarify and analyzes the main viewpoints on data ownership,including the non-proprietary nature of data,obstacles to data circulation,the idea of treating data as public goods,the difficulty of excercising data property rights,and the threat to personal information and privacy.Through careful analysis,it aims to dispel misunderstandings and reach a consensus on the issue of data ownership so as to promote the market-oriented use of data elements.The institutionalized data ownership can prevent"the tragedy of the commons,"and"the law of the jungle"by establishing rules to resolve disputes.It can also correct market failures through an efficient market for data circulation and utilization,and ensures that"those who have constant property rights have the positive outlook"in the field of data.The significance of data ownership extends beyond these practical considerations,however.It has the pontential to enable personal information self-determination,and to protect people's autonomous construction of their digital living space in the information society.