论中国网络空间犯罪立法的本土化与国际化

On the Localization and Internationalization of Chinese Legislation of Crimes in Cyberspace

网络空间犯罪是计算机犯罪、网络犯罪在网络平台时代的新相态,为了有效打击网络空间犯罪,中国刑法既要坚持本土化发展,也要借鉴国外立法的成功经验,积极推动国际社会相关立法协调一致。计算机数据和信息系统安全是独立的公共法益,应当给予全面的刑法保护。惩治网络化的传统犯罪应当坚持科学防控和法治原则,避免以刑代管,更不应突破法律规定解释立法。妨害信息网络安全管理秩序犯罪是独立的、具有"积量构罪"特征的正当立法,司法适用中应坚持独立适用和实质正当原则,合理缩限解释构成要件要素,对情节要件进行必要的类型化。充分保护个人信息符合中国国家利益、公共利益和公众利益,应在平衡个人信息法律保护和合法利用的基础上,为公民个人信息提供更全面的法律保护。

Crimes in Cyberspace is the new modality of crimes of computer crimes and network crimes in the era of network platform.In order to effectively combat crimes in cyberspace,Chinese Criminal Law should not only stick to local development but also learn from the successful experience of other countries to improve its own legislation and promote the coordinated development of relevant legislation in international community.Computer information system and data security are independent public legal interest,which should be comprehensively protected by criminal law.The punishment for networked traditional crimes should adhere to the principle of scientific prevention and control and the rule of law,trying to avoid relying solely on punishment and ignoring ordinary administrative means,let alone interpreting legislation by breaking through the legal provisions.The crime of impairing the information network security and management order is an independent and legitimate legislation with the characteristics of’constructive crime by volume.’Judicial application for this kind of crime should insist on the principle of independent application and substantial justification,and reasonably limit the construction of relevant elements,and necessarily categorize the elements of circumstances.Full protection of personal information is in line with Chinese national interests and public interests.It is necessary to provide more comprehensive legal protection for citizens’personal information on the basis of the balance between the protection and legitimate and reasonable use of personal information.