隐藏与遮蔽:清代史料对张缙彦流徙宁古塔案的叙述

Hide and Shield:Narration of Historical Materials Obscures the Case of Zhang Jinyan’s Exile to Ningguta

顺治十七年张缙彦流徙宁古塔案的性质是结党案,案件本身也是党争的结果,但在史料中却具有文字案和结党案双重表象。该案的结党性质在《世祖实录》中被回避性叙述策略隐藏后,乾隆朝纂修《贰臣传》时已不能发现。撰于康熙朝的张缙彦书信、行述、墓志铭中对该案的结党性质更是讳莫如深,直接把该案叙述成文字案。清代官、私修史料在叙述该案时都回避了汉臣结党及党争问题,从而对该案的性质判断产生了遮蔽。《世祖实录》中该案构成文字案的关键性证据经得住推敲,进一步增强了这种遮蔽的效应,这种遮蔽效应在纂修《清史稿》时就已产生直接影响。

In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi’s reign,the case of Zhang Jinyan’s exile to the Ningguta has the dual representation of a written case and a party settlement case in historical data,but its nature is a party settlement case,and the case itself is also the result of party disputes.After the clique nature of the case was hidden by the narrative strategy in Shizushilu,it was not discovered when the Qianlong Dynasty compiled the Erchenzhuan.In Zhang Jinyan’s letters,brief biography,and epitaphs written in the Kangxi Dynasty,the nature of the party affiliation of the case were even more secretive,and the case was directly described as a written case.In the Qing Dynasty,both official and private historical materials avoided the issue of the Han nationality officials forming parties and party disputes,which obscured the judgment of the nature of the case.The key evidence in Shizushilu constituted a written case also standed up to scrutiny,further enhanced the shielding effect.This shielding effect had a direct impact on compiling Qingshigao.