后苏联视角下德国东部地区工业遗产保护困境及其价值——以德国东部小镇格劳豪(Glauchau)为例

Industrial Heritage Protection Dilemma and Value in Eastern Germany from the Perspective of Post-Soviet——Taking the Small Town of Grauhaus as Example

苏联解体后,原东德地区的政治和经济结构发生了根本性的转变,原东德地区的六个州按照西德的政治经济结构进行转型。在政治经济转型的过程中,原有的工业体制无法适应新的市场原则,原有的苏联生产模式面临解体,随后产生了大量的倒闭企业,德国东部地区因此产生了大量的工业遗产。选取德国萨克森州小镇格劳豪的工业遗产作为典型案例,分析其存在的工业遗产保护困境,主要表现为体制变化产生了一系列矛盾和问题,人口大量流失和资金缺乏。工业遗产在价值体系中蕴含了丰富的历史文化价值、空间价值、旅游经济价值、艺术价值,这些价值都能成为工业遗产实现转型的有效要素。为了使工业遗产得到有效保护和利用,应该首先改变内部的文化感观并与民主德国时期的历史进行自我和解,然后创造更好的经济机会,提高地区的承载力,最后制定地区性的战略规划,并建立区域间的协调机制。

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union,the political and economic structure of the former East Germany underwent a fundamental change,and the six states in the former East Germany were transformed according to the political and economic structure of West Germany.In the process of political and economic transformation,the original industrial system could not adapt to the new market principles,the original Soviet production model was facing disintegration,and a large number of closed enterprises were subsequently produced,resulting in a large amount of industrial heritage in eastern Germany.Taking the industrial heritage of the small town of Grauhaus in Saxony,Germany analyzes its existing industrial heritage protection dilemma,which is mainly manifested in a series of contradictions and problems caused by system changes,massive population loss and lack of funds.The industrial heritage contains rich historical and cultural value,spatial value,tourism economic value and artistic value in the value system,all of which can become effective elements for the transformation of industrial heritage.In order to effectively protect and utilize the industrial heritage,one should change the internal cultural perception and reconcile itself with the history of the GDR period at first,and then create better economic opportunities,increase the carrying capacity of the region,and further create new sources of funding,and finally formulate regional strategic plans and establish inter-regional coordination mechanisms.