基于层次分析法的海棠品种观赏性评价体系构建与应用

Establishment and Application of Ornamental Evaluation System for Malus spp.Varieties Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

以引进的22种海棠为试材,运用层次分析法对其整体枝形、叶特征、花特征、果特征、生长性能和适应性能5个方面构建引进海棠品种评价体系,研究了引进海棠品种观赏性综合评价体系,以期筛选适宜在西宁地区引种栽培和观赏性高的海棠品种。结果表明:在20个影响海棠综合观赏性评价的指标中权重值排在前5名的有果密度(0.1742)、保存率(0.1654)、花期(0.1068)、花径(0.0832)和抗寒性(0.0827),对海棠植物品种综合质量影响较大。根据综合指数分值将22个品种分为4个等级,评价等级为Ⅰ级的种类有4种,该类植物观赏应用价值最高,可作为重点树种在西宁地区引种应用;评价等级为Ⅱ级的种类有7种,观赏价值较高,引种应用时根据实际需要选用;评价等级为Ⅲ级的共有7种,应用价值中等。评价等级为Ⅳ级的共有4种,观赏性低,可以进行种质资源保存,但不适合在西宁地区引种栽培。运用层次分析法可有效地对海棠品种综合评价分级,评价结果与实际栽培和观赏应用表现基本一致。

Taking the imported 22 Malus spp.varieties as the test materials,an evaluation system of the imported Malus spp.varieties was constructed in five aspects,overall branch shape,leaf characteristics,flower characteristics,fruit characteristics,growth performance and adaptability by using the AHP.The comprehensive evaluation system for the ornamental properties of imported Malus spp.varieties were studied,in order to screen the Malus spp.varieties suitable for introduction and cultivation in Xining area and with high ornamental properties.The results showed that among the 20 evaluation indicators,the indicators affecting the comprehensive ornamental evaluation of Malus spp.,the weight values ranked the top five in terms of fruit density(0.1742),preservation rate(0.1654),flowering period(0.1068),flower diameter(0.0832)and resistance to the coldness(0.0827),had a great influence on the comprehensive quality of Malus spp.varieties.According to the comprehensive index score,the 22 varieties were divided into 4 grades.There were 4 species with the evaluation,Grade I of plants had the highest ornamental application value and could be introduced and applied in Xining as a key tree species;There were 7 species with evaluation GradeⅡ,which had high ornamental value,and should be selected according to actual needs during introduction and application;there were 7 species with evaluation GradeⅢ,and their application value was medium.There were 4 species with the evaluation GradeⅣ,which were of low ornamental value and could be preserved as germplasm resources,but were not suitable for introduction and cultivation in Xining area.The analytic hierarchy process could effectively evaluate and grade Malus spp.varieties comprehensively,and the evaluation results were basically consistent with the actual cultivation and ornamental application performance.