秸秆覆盖量和覆盖时间对土壤水热状况及党参产量的影响

Effects of Amount and Time of Straw Mulching on Water and Temperature of Soil and Yield With Codonopsis pilosula

以党参为试材,采用双因素随机区组方法,研究了秸秆覆盖量和覆盖时间对土壤水热状况及党参产量的影响,以期为党参秸秆覆盖栽培技术和推广应用提供参考依据。结果表明:秸秆覆盖显著提高党参生长后期0~20cm土层的土壤含水量,其中A2B3的平均土壤含水量最高,为11.39%,分别较露地不覆盖和地膜露头覆盖提高3.55%和5.86%;党参秸秆覆盖的土壤温度表现为前期降温后期保温,降温幅度较露地不覆盖降低1.08℃,较地膜露头覆盖降低1.04℃;同时研究表明,党参秸秆覆盖的时间宜早不宜迟,移栽覆盖党参的成药产量平均为8881.33kg·hm^(-2),较出苗覆盖增加10.38%;当覆盖量为10500~13500kg·hm^(-2)时,党参的成药产量最高,为9718.48kg·hm^(-2),较露地不覆盖和地膜露头覆盖分别增产27.21%和25.53%。秸秆覆盖对党参具有显著的降温保墒和增产作用,为党参秸秆覆盖栽培技术和推广应用提供了支撑。

Taking Codonopsis pilosula as experimental material,and adopting the method of two factor random block,the effects of mulching time and amount on soil water and heat status and the yield of Codonopsis pilosula were studied,in order to provide reference for the cultivation technology and popularization of Codonopsis pilosula under straw mulching.The results showed that straw mulching significantly increased the soil water content of the 0-20cm soil layer in the late growth stage of Codonopsis pilosula,that the average soil water content of A2B3was 11.39%,which was higher 3.55%and 5.86%than without covering in open field and plastic film outcrop planting,respectively.The soil temperature of Codonopsis pilosula mulch covered with straw showed that it was cooled in the early stage and kept warm in the later stage,and the cooling rate was 1.08℃lower than without covering in open field,and 1.04℃lower than plastic film outcropping.At the same time,this study showed that the time of straw mulching of Codonopsis pilosulashould be sooner rather than later.The average yield of finished medicine of Codonopsis pilosula with transplanting coverage was 8881.33kg·hm^(-2),which was 10.38%higher than that of seedling coverage.When the amount of straw mulching was 10500-13500kg·hm^(-2),the yield of Codonopsis pilosula was the highest,which was 9718.48kg·hm^(-2),and the yield was increased by 27.21%and 25.32%compared with no covering in open field and plastic film outcrop planting,respectively.Straw mulching had a significant cooling effect on Codonopsis pilosula,protecting moisture content and increasing production,which provides support for popularization and application of the straw mulching cultivation technology in Codonopsis pilosulaplanting.