施用稻秸沼渣肥料对西蓝花产量及土壤环境的影响

Effects on Broccoli Production and Soil Environmental Quality by Applying Biogas Residue-based Fertilizers of Rice Straw

以‘优秀’西蓝花为试材,采用大田小区试验方式,利用稻秸沼渣配制5种不同类型有机肥料和微生物肥料,设置7个肥料运筹处理,研究了在减氮约20%条件下配施沼渣肥料对作物产量及农田土壤环境质量的影响,以期为稻秸沼渣肥料的高值开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:施用沼渣肥料处理的西蓝花产量增幅约0.24%~7.87%,除与对照土壤pH无显著差异外,均能在一定程度上提高土壤的有机质、氮磷钾养分,进而有效提高土壤肥力和土壤呼吸强度,并可有效降低土壤有效态Cd和西蓝花Cd含量以及土壤容重。其中,T2处理采用的沼渣复合微生物肥料因兼具了氮磷钾养分与有效微生物2种功能,不仅西蓝花产量达到了最高值11929kg·hm^(-2)(P<0.05),还通过增添枯草芽孢杆菌与胶冻样类芽孢杆菌,在一定程度上增加了土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌,土壤呼吸强度达2.99μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),并利用微生物代谢活动吸附固定土壤重金属,降低了土壤有效态Cd约34.48%,对土壤大团聚体改善效果也较为显著(P<0.05),综合考虑作物产量与土壤环境等因素认为是最佳的沼渣基肥料。

The‘excellent’broccoli was used as the test material,and seven fertilizer management treatments were conducted with field plot experiments,to investigate the effects of combined land application of biogas residue-based fertilizers on crop yields and soil environmental quality under the condition of reducing nitrogen by about 20%,five different types of organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers were prepared using biogas residues of rice straw,in order to provide reference for the high value development of rice straw and biogas residue fertilizer.The results showed that the yield of broccoli treated with biogas residue fertilizer increased by about 0.24%-7.87%.There was no significant difference with the control soil pH,but the soil organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients all increased to some extent.Thus,soil fertility and soil respiration intensity could be improved effectively.The available Cd in soil and broccoli,as well as soil bulk density,could also be reduced.In which the compound microbial fertilizer of T2treatment had the properties of fertilizer and active microbial.The yield of broccoli in T2reached the maximum value of 11929kg·hm^(-2)(P<0.05),and the number of soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes of that treatment increased through the extra addition of Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus kribbensis.The soil respiration intensity was 2.99μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),and the improvement of soil macroaggregates was also significant(P<0.05)in T2.And the heavy metals were absorbed and fixed through microbial metabolism,the available Cd in soil was reduced by 34.48%.Therefore,the compound microbial fertilizer was considered as the best biogas residue-based fertilizer when it came to factors such as crop yield and soil environment.