不同氮素形态对茅苍术生长和氮磷钾吸收的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Growth and Absorption of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of Atractylodes lancea

以一年生茅苍术自根苗为试材,采用田间试验法,研究了不施氮肥(对照)、酰胺态氮(尿素)、硝态氮(硝酸钙)和铵态氮(硫酸铵)4个处理对茅苍术长势、生物量、氮磷钾吸收利用的影响,以期探明茅苍术氮素吸收偏好,为氮肥高效利用提供参考依据。结果表明:3个氮肥处理茅苍术株高、茎粗、绿色叶片数、生物量均高于对照,其中硝态氮处理株高、绿色叶片数和植株生物量增幅最高,酰胺态氮最低;但酰胺态氮处理的植株干物质向叶和茎的分配比例显著高于铵态氮和硝态氮处理。在养分吸收方面,不同处理叶、茎和根茎中氮、磷、钾积累量均表现为硝态氮>铵态氮>酰胺态氮>对照,须根中磷积累量表现为硝态氮>酰胺态氮>铵态氮>对照。此外,硝态氮处理可显著提高氮素吸收效率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用率,分别比酰胺态氮处理提高43.83%、106.10%、121.30%,比铵态氮处理显著提高23.39%、74.51%、28.74%。因此,茅苍术偏好吸收硝态氮,生产中供应硝态氮肥更利于促进茅苍术干物质积累、氮磷钾吸收及氮肥高效利用。

Taking one-year-old scion-root seedling of A.lancea as the experiment materials,a filed experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nitrogen forms on plant growth.Different nitrogen forms were CK,amide nitrogen fertilizer(ANF),nitrate nitrogen fertilizer(NO^(-)_(3)-N)and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer(NH^(+)_(4)-N),in order to provide reference for nitrogen utilization efficiency in A.lancea.The results showed that application of nitrogen fertilizer increased green leaves number,stem diameter and plant biomass,accelerated absorption of N,P,K,and the increments of stem diameter,green leaves number and plant biomass under NO^(-)_(3)-N treatment were the highest,but proportion of plant dry matter to leaf and stem under NO^(-)_(3)-N treatment increased significantly more than the other treatments.In terms of nutrient absorption,total accumulation of N,P,K in leaf,stem and rhizome were both in the order of NO^(-)_(3)-N>NH^(+)_(4)-N>ANF>CK,the three nutrients accumulation in fibrous root was NO^(-)_(3)-N>ANF>NH^(+)_(4)-N>CK.In addition,ABE,AAE and AUE under NO^(-)_(3)-N treatment were significantly increased by 43.83%,106.10%,121.30%,and was 23.39%,74.51%,28.74%more than those under NH^(+)_(4)-N treatment.In conclusion,A.lancea was nitrate plant,so in cultivation application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer was most suitable for promoting the dry matter accumulation,nutrient uptake and nitrogen utilization.