外源硒对葡萄叶片活性氧代谢及果实贮藏品质的影响

Effects of Exogenous Sodium Selenite on Leaf Active Oxygen Metabolism and Grape Storage Quality in Vitis vinifera L.

以六年生露地栽培葡萄‘夏黑’为试材,分别用0(CK)、100、200、300、400mg·L^(-1)的亚硒酸钠溶液于果实转色期进行叶面喷施处理,研究硒处理对葡萄叶片活性氧代谢的调控,同时评价其对葡萄果实贮藏保鲜效果的影响,结合主成分分析筛选最佳的硒处理浓度,以期为外源硒在延缓和预防葡萄叶片早衰及葡萄果实保鲜中的应用提供参考依据。结果表明:与CK相比,300mg·L^(-1)的硒处理显著提高了叶片中叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量。200mg·L^(-1)的硒处理有效抑制了果实贮藏期间失重率的升高,延缓了硬度、维生素C、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,维持了较高的好果率。主成分分析表明,不同浓度硒处理对葡萄叶片活性氧代谢的调控和果实常温贮藏保鲜效果排名分别为300mg·L^(-1)>200mg·L^(-1)>100mg·L^(-1)>CK>400 mg·L^(-1)和200 mg·L^(-1)>300mg·L^(-1)>100mg·L^(-1)>400mg·L^(-1)>CK。综上所述,对葡萄树喷硒时,从延长叶片功能期和果实采后保鲜期等方面考虑,以200~300mg·L^(-1)为宜。

Six-year-old grape‘Summer Black’was used as experimental material.The leaves were sprayed with 0(CK),100,200,300mg·L^(-1)and 400mg·L^(-1)sodium selenite solution at fruit coloring stage,the regulation of selenium treatment on active oxygen metabolism in grape leaves and the effect of selenium treatment on grape fruit storage and preservation were studied.Combined with principal component analysis,the optimal concentration of selenium treatment was selected,in order to provide reference for the application of exogenous selenium in delaying and preventing grape leaf premature aging and grape fruit preservation.The results showed that compared with the control,300mg·L^(-1)Se treatment significantly increased chlorophyll content,soluble protein content,superoxide dismutase and catalase activities,decreased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents.200mg·L^(-1)Se treatment effectively inhibited the increase of weight loss rate,delayed the decrease of hardness,vitamin C,soluble solids and titratable acid contents,maintained a higher good fruit rate and extended the shelf life of fruits during storage.The principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive ranking of different concentrations of selenium on the regulation of active oxygen metabolism in grape leaves and fruit storage at room temperature was 300 mg·L^(-1)>200mg·L^(-1)>100mg·L^(-1)>CK>400mg·L^(-1)and 200mg·L^(-1)>300mg·L^(-1)>100mg·L^(-1)>400mg·L^(-1)>CK,respectively.In conclusion,when spraying sodium selenite solutions to grapevines,the concentration of 200-300mg·L^(-1)was the most appropriate concentration in order to delay leaf senescence and extendgrape storage time.