伊犁地区苹果园主产区土壤有机质氮磷钾养分含量与分布特征

Content and Distribution of Soil Organic Matter NPK Nutrients in Main Producing Areas of Apple Orchard in Yili

以伊犁地区7个主要产区苹果园的土壤为试材,采用土壤分析法测定了有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、pH等指标,研究伊犁苹果园土壤有机质氮、磷、钾养分含量与分布特征,以期为果农提供更好的施肥建议。结果表明:与全国第2次土壤养分分级标准相比,霍城县、伊宁县苹果园有机质含量分别为17.80、17.40 g·kg^-1,处于适宜状态;察布查尔县、伊宁县苹果园土壤的碱解氮含量分别为54.40、46.41 mg·kg^-1,处于缺乏状态;伊宁县苹果园土壤速效磷含量为7.90 mg·kg^-1,处于适宜状态,巩留县、新源县、伊宁市地区果园土壤养分处于适宜且丰富的状态。从土壤养分分布状况来看,伊犁地区16.6%的果园土壤处于有机质含量缺乏状态,其中巩留县地区和察县地区分别占所调查伊犁地区的5.6%和2.8%,有机质含量较缺乏;碱解氮含量缺乏的地区占2.8%,主要分布在新源县;速效磷在各果园中含量较丰富,未出现缺乏状况;速效钾缺乏区域占伊犁地区的33.3%,主要分布在伊宁县和察布查尔县。

Based on the soil samples of apple orchards in the seven main producing areas of Yili region,the soil analysis method was used to analyze the indexes of organic matter and alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,pH,potassium nutrient content and distribution characteristics,in order to put forward better fertilization advice for fruit farmers.The results showed that compared with the second national soil nutrient classification standard,the organic matter content of apple orchards in Huocheng county and Yining county was 17.80 g·kg^-1 and 17.40 g·kg^-1,respectively,and the organic matter was in a suitable state;apples in Chabuchar county and Yining county,the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the orchard soil was 54.40 mg·kg^-1 and 46.41 mg·kg^-1,respectively.The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was in a state of deficiency.The auailable P in the orchards of Yining city was in a suitable and the soil nutrients of Gongliu county,Xinyuan county and Yning city were abundant state.Judging from the distribution of soil nutrients,16.6%of the orchard soil organic matter content was deficient in Yili area.Among them,Gongliu county and Chaxian area accounted for 5.6%and 2.8%of the surveyed Yili area respectively,and the organic matter content was relatively lacking.2.8%of the areas where the content was lacking were mainly distributed in Xinyuan county;available phosphorus was abundant in each orchard and there was no deficiency;available potassium deficiency areas account for 33.3%of the Yili area,mainly distributed in Yining county and Chabucha county.