宁夏地区果园生草对土壤温、湿度及天敌数量的影响

Effects of Orchard Grass on Soil Temperature,Humidity and Number of Natural Enemies in Ningxia

为筛选适宜的宁夏果园行间绿肥植物,以行间自然生草、播种紫花苜蓿、苏丹草、黑麦草、油菜、白三叶草为处理,以清耕为对照,开展不同果园生草品种对土壤温、湿度及天敌数量的影响研究。结果表明:与清耕相比,行间生草可明显降低0~15 cm深度土壤温度,降温作用最明显的处理组为苜蓿,其次为三叶与黑麦处理,3个生草品种平均温度分别降低9.28%、5.90%、5.69%;果园生草对土壤含水量的影响主要集中于浅层土壤区域(5~10 cm),对土壤含水量具有明显增持作用的生草品种为苜蓿,其次为三叶草与苏丹处理,3个生草品种土壤含水量分别增加28.39%、18.15%、16.20%;此外,果园生草也可明显提升瓢虫与草蛉种群数量。该研究筛选得到的理想果园生草品种依次为苜蓿>三叶>黑麦与苏丹草。

In order to select the suitable of best green manure plant for orchard,taking different grass species like nature grass,lucerne,sudan grass,ryegrass,oilseed rape,trefoil as test material,take clear ploughing as contrast.A field trial was carried out to investigate the effects of orchard grass on soil temperature,soil moisture content and number of natural enemies.The results showed that orchard grasses could significantly reduce soil temperature at 0-15 cm depth,the best variety was lucerne,the second one was trefoil,the third one was ryegrass,their average temperature goes down about 9.28%,5.90%,5.69%.The influence of orchard grass on soil moisture content was mainly concentrated in shallow soil area(5-10 cm).Lucerne is one of the grass varieties that had significant effect on soil moisture content,the second one was trefoil,the third one was sudan grass.the soil moisture content goes up about 28.39%,18.15%,16.20%.Moreover,the number of ladybugs and lacewing flies was also significantly increased in orchard grass region.in conclusion,the ideal orchard grasses screened in this study were lucerne>trefoil>ryegrass and sudan grass.