大棚结构与覆盖材料的温光效应及其对黄瓜产量的影响

Photo-thermal Effectiveness of Different Tunnel Structure and Covering Material and the Effect on Cucumber Growth

以"塞维斯"水果黄瓜为试材,采用大棚基质栽培方式,对3种不同结构的塑料大棚(对称型侧开窗大棚A、锯齿型顶侧开窗大棚B、不对称型顶侧开窗大棚C)和3种不同覆盖材料(PE膜、PO膜、SC膜)进行温光效应观测,并比较了不同处理对黄瓜生长的影响。通过对大棚结构的优化和覆盖材料的筛选,以期改善大棚的温光环境,为蔬菜作物提供较适宜的生长环境。结果表明:1)3种不同结构大棚的散热性能B>C>A;棚内光照强度C>A>B;黄瓜产量B>C>A,B产量较A提高16.71%,C产量较A提高11.2%。2)3种不同覆盖材料大棚内温度差异主要来源于覆盖材料的透光性,SC膜和PO膜透光率高于PE膜;透光率直接影响黄瓜的产量,3种不同覆盖材料大棚的黄瓜产量PO>SC>PE,PO膜和SC膜对黄瓜增产显著,每667 m^2产量分别为8595、7995kg,分别较PE提高29.35%和21.87%。综上所述,锯齿型顶侧开窗大棚和PO膜性能最优,为适合当地生产需要,应建设锯齿型顶侧开窗结构的大棚,并覆盖PO膜进行生产。

’Severus’cucumber was used as experimental material and adopted soil-free cultivation in a tunnel.The temperature and light of plastic tunnels with 3 different types of plastic tunnels(symmetrical side window shed A,zigzag top side window shed B and asymmetric top side window shed C)and 3 different covering materials(PE film,PO film and SC film)were observated,and the effects of different treatments on cucumber growth were compared.The structure of the tunnels was optimized and the covering materials was screened to improve the tunnel′s photo-thermal effectiveness and to provide a suitable growth environment for vegetable crops.The results showed that,1)the heat dissipation performance of 3 different structure tunnels B>C>A;the light intensity in the tunnels C>A>B;and the yield of cucumber B>C>A,and the yield of cucumber in tunnel B was 16.71%,higher than tunnel A and the yield of cucumber in tunnel C was 11.2%higher than tunnel A.2)The temperature difference in the tunnels of the 3 different covering materials was caused by the light transparency of the materials and the light transparency directly affected cucumber yield;cucumber yield in tunnels with three different covering materials PO>SC>PE,PO film and SC film significantly increased cucumber yield,the yield per 667 m^2 was 8595 kg and 7995 kg,which were 29.35%and 21.77%higher than PE film.In summary,the zigzag top side window shed and PO film had the best performance.In order to meet local production needs,a zigzag top side window shed structure should be constructed and covering with PO film for production.