人工智能司法正当性的诘问

Interrogation of the Judicial Legitimacy of Artificial Intelligence

随着人工智能司法技术的迅速发展,完全的人工智能裁判不再只是幻景。人工智能裁判是否具备司法正当性,则是法理学研究应该关注的焦点。司法裁判本质上是在法官主持下,以追求共同正义为目标的裁判说理活动。目前,人工智能司法正当性的反思被关于其优势的讨论所覆盖,这将导致产生以下观念:第一,技术优先主义,即以技术革新取代主体正当;第二,效率优先主义,即以判决效率取代判决正当;第三,判决确定性优先主义,即以判决确定性取代共识正当。然而,人工智能司法的优势不能从根本上弥补其正当性的缺失,这也使得人工智能无法完全取代人类独立地进行裁判。

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)judicial technology,complete AI judgment is no longer an illusion.Whether AI judgment has judicial legitimacy is the focus of jurisprudence research.In essence,judicial judgment is a reasoning activity under the auspices of judges with the goal of pursuing common justice.At present,the reflection on the judicial legitimacy of AI is covered by the discussion on its advantages,which will lead to the following consequences:first,technology priority,that is,replacing the subject’s legitimacy with technological innovation;second,efficiency priority,that is,replacing judgment legitimacy with judgment efficiency;thirdly,the priority of judgment certainty,that is,replacing the legitimacy of consensus with the certainty of judgment.However,the advantages of AI justice cannot fundamentally make up for the lack of judicial legitimacy,which also makes it impossible for AI to completely replace human beings to judge independently.