《民法典》视域下登记制度革新与物权效力扩张

Innovation of the Registration System and Expansion of the Effect of Property Rights from the Perspective of the Civil Code

登记法虽是程序法但具有重要的实体法效果。伴随不动产登记制度改革的推进,登记对物权效力理论形成反向重塑效果。在权利范围上,可登记性标准向新设权利及特定债权开放,松动了物权效力对物权本体的依附关系;在登记事项上,生态保护等管制事项进入登记簿,明晰了公有制语境中资源物权的真实权能内容;在客体形态上,“自然生态空间”的独立登记,重新界定了物权客体的判定标准;在效力内容上,自然资源国家所有权纳入登记后,增设了物权登记的确权效力。为妥善回应登记制度的上述革新性溢出效果,应从释明自然资源国家所有权豁免登记条款的授权功能,物权客体判定的生态关联标准、占有的公示效果等方面进行登记与物权制度的外部衔接;从可登记不动产权利的扩充、自然资源所有权登记簿页的增设、管制事项的登记路径等方面进行不动产和自然资源登记制度的内部统合。

Although the Registration Law is a procedural law,it has important substantive law effects.With the advancement of the reform of the real estate registration system,registration has a reverse reshaping effect on the theory of the validity of property rights.In terms of the scope of rights,the registrability standard is opened to newly established rights and specific claims,which loosens the dependence of the effect of property rights on the property right itself;In terms of registered matters,ecological protection and other control matters entered the register,which clarifies the real power content of resource property rights in the context of public ownership;In terms of object form,the independent registration of“natural ecological space”redefines the criteria for determining the object of property rights;In terms of effect content,after the national ownership of natural resources is included in the registration,the property right registration is added to confirm the effect.In order to properly respond to the above-mentioned innovative spillover effects of the registration system,the registration should be externally connected with the property rights system from the aspects of explaining the authorized function of the registration clause for the exemption of state ownership of natural resources,the ecological association criteria for determining the object of property rights,and the publicity effect of possession.The internal integration of the real estate and natural resources registration system is carried out in terms of the expansion of registrable real estate rights,the addition of pages of the natural resource ownership register,and the registration path of controlled matters.