《民法典》背景下身份关系协议的概念性要素

The Conceptual Elements of Identity Relationship Agreement in the Context of the Civil Code

身份关系协议是身份法强行性、身份关系复杂性、婚姻家庭伦理性与契约法开放性共同作用下的产物。由于协议所涉法律关系与人伦秩序密不可分,身份关系协议之“临界点”若明若暗,难以确定。创设法律关系的意图、真实对价、私法上之效果等域外理论在《民法典》语境下皆体现出一定的不适应性。概念性要素也称构成性要素,是事物之所以为其本身的必要性质。对身份关系协议而言,其概念性要素代表了其区别于身份情谊行为、财产合同的特殊性质。从概念性要素的角度出发,探讨身份关系协议的内涵、外延、特征及判定标准,具有一定的可行性。以身份性要素作为身份关系协议的本质要素,适法性要素作为关键要素,辅以身份行为能力、书面形式、订立目的考察协议主体、内容等要件,综合判定身份关系协议,能在一定程度上避免过分强调具体类型而可能导致的挂万漏一的情形,具有合理性。

Identity relationship agreements are the products of the joint action of the coercive nature of identity law,the complexity of identity relations,the ethics of marriage and family,and the openness of contract law.Since the legal relationship involved in the agreement is inseparable from the human order,the“critical point”of the identity relationship agreement is vague and difficult to determine if it is clear and dark.Extraterritorial theories such as the intention to create a legal relationship,the real consideration,and the effects of private law all reflect certain inadaptability in the context of the Civil Code.Conceptual elements,also known as constituent elements,are the necessary properties of things for themselves.For identity relationship agreements,their conceptual elements represent their special characteristics that distinguish them from identity and friendship acts and property contracts.From the perspective of conceptual elements,it is feasible to explore the connotation,extension,characteristics and judgment criteria of identity relationship agreements.Taking the identity element as the essential element of the identity relationship agreement,the legal element as the key element,supplemented by the elements of identity behavior,written form,and the purpose of entering into the agreement to examine the subject and content of the agreement,and other elements,thus comprehensively judging the identity relationship agreement,and to a certain extent,it can avoid the situation of overemphasizing the specific type and may lead to the situation of leakage hang over a situation,it has the rationality.