刑事诉讼处分原则之“承认”的规范重构

Normative Reconstruction of Criminal Procedure“Recognition”Mechanism

在程序法中,“承认”是一种包含着权利处分的意思表示或者诉讼行为。因为具有“公私夹杂”的法律性质,刑事法中当事人对于权利的处分并不少见,却远没有形成一个规范的机制。刑事诉讼法学者在论及认罪认罚从宽制度的内涵问题时,鲜有涉及“承认”这一行为,而被追诉人的“承认”恰恰是刑事诉讼处分原则的重要体现。为了解决我国刑事诉讼传统的压制性手段与认罪认罚从宽协同型司法之间的抵牾,应当从保障被追诉人的处分权利出发,对刑事诉讼中的“承认”机制进行规范重构,明确“承认”的对象和内容、对“承认”表示同意的主体以及对“承认”的救济途径。需要明确的是,与民事诉讼不同,在认罪认罚从宽制度中引入处分原则,需要对其施加严格的限制,在尊重被追诉人处分权利的自由的同时,也要将权利的行使限制于合理的范围内。

In procedural law,from the perspective of textual interpretation,the word“recognition”is a kind of expression of intention or litigation action that contains the disposition of rights.Because of the legal nature of“public and private inclusion”,the disposition of the parties to the rights in the criminal law is not uncommon,but it is far from forming a standard mechanism.When scholars of criminal procedure law discuss the connotation of the system of leniency for guilty plea,they often take“guilty plea”and“admission of punishment”as the analysis objects,but seldom involve the act of“recognition”,and the“recognition”of the accused is exactly the important embodiment of the principle of punishment in criminal procedure.Therefore,to reconstruct the mechanism of“recognition”in criminal procedure,it is necessary to make clear the object and content of“recognition”,the subject who agrees with“recognition”and the remedy way of“recognition”.It needs to be made clear that,different from civil action,the introduction of the principle of punishment in the system of leniency of guilty plea requires strict restrictions.While respecting the freedom of the accused’s right of punishment,the exercise of the right should also be restricted to a reasonable range.