论我国碳评价制度的构建

On the Construction of China’s Carbon Assessment System

随着碳排放控制目标的逐步明晰,碳评价也成为明确的政策意愿,是确保双碳目标实现的重要制度措施。以低碳试点为契机,我国探索了服务型、附属型和独立型碳评价模式;双碳目标提出后又开始了纳入环评的碳评价制度试点。综合考虑制度目标、法律依据、行政体制改革和技术基础等因素,将碳评价纳入环评是当前较为适宜的制度构建路径。构建碳评价制度应当对现有环评制度进行适当调适,明确碳评价的评价对象、评价指标与评价效力。在环评法修订中采取“概括条款+授权条款”的方式为碳评价提供法律依据,是碳评价入法的优选路径。

With the gradual clarification of carbon emission control targets,carbon assessment has also become a clear policy intention,which is an important institutional measure to ensure the realization of the Carbon Neutrality and Peaking target.Taking the low-carbon pilot as an opportunity,China has explored the service-oriented,affiliated and independent carbon assessment models;after the dual carbon target was proposed,the pilot carbon assessment system for inclusion in the environmental impact assessment was started.Taking into account factors such as institutional objectives,legal basis,administrative system reform and technical foundation,it is more appropriate to incorporate carbon assessment into environmental impact assessment.The establishment of a carbon assessment system shall make appropriate adjustments to the existing environmental impact assessment system,and clarify the evaluation objects,evaluation indicators and evaluation effectiveness of carbon assessment.In the revision of the EIA Law,the method of summarizing clauses+authorization clauses is adopted to provide a legal basis for carbon assessment,which is the preferred path for carbon evaluation to be incorporated into the law.