碳中和愿景下我国碳排放权交易的功能与制度构造研究

Research on the Function and Institutional Construction of China’s Carbon Emissions Trading under the Vision of Carbon Neutrality

后《巴黎协定》时代,我国为应对气候变化及提高国家自主贡献提出了“争取在2060年前实现碳中和”的伟大愿景。为实现这一目标,我国正大力推进全国统一碳排放权交易市场建设。但受制于自身起步较晚的缺陷,我国碳市场总体上存在定价能力薄弱、交易规则混乱、应对碳关税等单边贸易措施能力不足的问题。为因应前述内生与外生性挑战,未来我国碳排放权交易体系应当在完善基本功能的基础上,统筹推进碳定价制度与财税制度改革、理顺碳市场交易规则与相关主体权利义务的设定,并稳步推进国家间碳市场链接。

In the post-Paris Agreement era,China has put forward the great vision of“achieving carbon neutrality by 2060”to address climate change and enhance its national determined contributions.To achieve this goal,China is vigorously promoting the construction of a unified national carbon emissions trading market.However,due to its late start,China’s carbon market generally suffers from weak carbon pricing capacity,chaotic trading rules,and insufficient ability to cope with unilateral trade measures such as carbon tariff.In order to meet the aforementioned endogenous and exogenous challenges,China’s carbon emissions trading system should,on the basis of improving the basic functions,promote the reform of the carbon pricing mechanism and fiscal and taxation systems as a whole,rationalize the trading rules and the setting of the rights and obligations of relevant subjects,and actively promote the linkage of international carbon markets.