借得的坚固:论博丹主权学说的困难及其双重构成

本文在与“主权”这一现代关键政治概念相关的政治思想研究领域,做出了三方面的贡献。首先,澄清了博丹学说中的“主权”概念,它具有两面性,既被视为是凌驾于政治体之上的绝对意志,又处于共同体构成部分的“法”和“约”之中。其次,本文在与对这一困难的不同解释进行对话的基础上,给出了以下判断:“主权”的绝对性及其内在于共同体中的规范性需要在主权者的最高立法行动(尤其是任命职官)的过程中得到统一的理解;借助博丹对财产权的强调,解释了贯彻主权之绝对意志和保有主权者之财产在博丹“国家”架构中的共存、联系与张力;从财产原则生发出的职官秩序入手,廓清了博丹由“主权”建立“国家”的理论逻辑。最后,这一解释有助于理解“主权”概念对现代“国家”作为绝对权力与法律共同体的同步塑造作用,也帮助人们进一步认识现代“国家”统合人与物、权力与法权的方式。

The article makes three contributions in the field of political thought related to the key modern political concept of“sovereignty”:first,it clarifies the concept of“sovereignty”in Bodin's doctrine,which is twofold,being seen as an absolute will over the body politic,but also within the“law”and“covenant”that are part of the community.Following this,the article gives its own judgment,based on a dialogue with different interpretations of this difficulty,emphasizing that the absolute nature of“sovereignty”and its normativity within the community need to be coincided in the supreme legislative action of the sovereign,in particular,the appointment of officials.According to Bodin's understanding of the officer as a kind of“borrowed thing”,the article explains the coexistence,connction,and tension between the implementation of the absolute will of sovereignty and the retention of the sovereign's property.Through these different officer systems built according to the law of property,Bodin could turn sovereignty into state.Finally,this explanation helps to understand the role of the concept of“sovereignty”in the simultaneous shaping of the modern state both as an absolute power and a legal community,meanwhile,it has clarified the way in which the modern“state”unites people and things,power and right.