人们如何挑选政治信息?——政治传播学视角下的选择性接触理论

作为政治传播学的经典和核心理论之一,选择性接触是指人们选择与自身政治信念和立场相近的信息的行为。随着互联网、社交媒体带来信息爆炸,人们的信息接触愈发具有选择性,对政治生态产生了深刻影响,这引起该领域研究的新一波发展。本文基于选择性接触领域的重要和最新研究,对其概念界定、成因机制、影响因素等方面取得的理论进展及存在的争论进行梳理。在此过程中,本文重点分析和总结了影响选择性接触程度的个体、群体和信息环境三个层面的因素,并讨论了该领域尚待回答和值得进一步探究的问题。

As one of the classic and cornerstone theories in political communication,selective exposure refers to people's motivated selection of information matching their political beliefs and opinions.In the information explosion era of the Internet and social media,this selectivity has become more salient and induced significant changes of political landscape,thereby garnering new research attention.This paper reviews some important and latest contributions to selective exposure theories in terms of conceptualization,causal explanations,and in particular,moderating factors as well as relevant debates.By doing so,we highlight and review the three-level factors that can affect the extent to which people seek likeminded information—individual,group,and information environment,and discuss some questions that are unanswered and worth further study in the field.