论裁判设立居住权的正当性依据与司法逻辑

Justification Basis and Judicial Logic of Establishing the Right of Habitation by Judgement

《民法典》规定的居住权属于意定居住权《民法典》第229条亦没有为裁判设立居住权提供直接法律依据,这使人民法院能否裁判设立居住权成为亟待解决的现实问题。审视规范性整体关系可知,裁判设立居住权有其正当性。针对当事人提出的设立居住权的诉讼请求,人民法院应以“满足生活居住的需要”与家事义务的内在关联为现实指引,进而判断是否裁判设立居住权。针对裁判设立居住权消灭的现实困境,应把握居住权消灭之内在标准在于“满足生活居住的需要”,明确裁判设立居住权的存续期限需参照适用《民法典》第370条,人民法院应以“满足生活居住的需要”为核心的内在消灭标准来合理确定居住权是否消灭。

The right of habitation stipulated in the Civil Code is an intentional right of usufruct,and Article 229 of the Civil Code does not provide a direct legal basis for the establishment of the right of habitation,which makes whether the people's court can decide the establishment of the right of habitation become a practical problem to be solved.Examining the normative relationship as a whole,the establishment of habitation right by judges has its legitimacy.In view of the litigant's claim for the establishment of the right of habitation,the people's court should judge whether to establish the right of residence based on the internal relationship between“meeting the needs of habitation”and family obligations.In view of the realistic dilemma of the decision to establish the elimination of habitation right,it is necessary to grasp that the intemal standard of the elimination of habitation right is to“meeting the needs of habitation”,clarify that the duration of the decision to establish the habitation right should refer to Article 370 of the Civil Code,and the people's court should reasonably determine whether the elimination of habitation right is based on the internal elimination standard of“meeting the needs of habitation”.